Not directly. For corporation tax, HMRC works from your company’s accounting period, which follows the accounting reference date registered at Companies House. You change the date at Companies House, and the corporation tax periods follow. You cannot choose a different period for tax alone.
There is one quirk worth knowing. A corporation tax accounting period cannot run longer than twelve months. If your company draws accounts for a longer period — which can happen when you extend the year end — HMRC splits it into more than one accounting period, and you file a return for each. Allowances and limits are then apportioned across those periods.
Shortening a period is generally straightforward, and you can do it repeatedly. Extending one is more restricted: Companies House limits both how much time you can add and how often you can do it, with only narrow exceptions. Check the current restrictions on gov.uk before you plan around an extension.
The consequence people miss is timing. Corporation tax is due at a set point after the end of the accounting period, and the return is due later still, so moving the year end moves both. Companies with large profits pay by quarterly instalments on a different timetable again, and the profit level that triggers that is set in legislation. Confirm the dates that apply to you on gov.uk or with your accountant.
If a change of year end brings a payment forward or bunches two together, some businesses use short-term funding to spread the cost. That is a credit application with its own criteria and is never guaranteed.
This is general information, not tax advice. Confirm your own position with your accountant or HMRC.